{"id":12632,"date":"2026-05-27T12:37:37","date_gmt":"2026-05-27T19:37:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tiu.edu\/law\/?post_type=articles&p=12632"},"modified":"2026-05-27T12:37:37","modified_gmt":"2026-05-27T19:37:37","slug":"about-face-meta-masks-and-managing-technological-liturgies","status":"publish","type":"articles","link":"https:\/\/www.tiu.edu\/law\/articles\/about-face-meta-masks-and-managing-technological-liturgies\/","title":{"rendered":"About Face: Meta, Masks, and Managing Technological Liturgies"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u201cAttention is the rarest and purest form of generosity.\u201d1<\/sup><\/i><\/p>\n

The LORD said to Cain, \u201cWhy are you angry, and why has your\u00a0face\u00a0fallen?2<\/sup><\/i><\/p>\n

For I have seen God\u00a0face\u00a0to\u00a0face, and yet my life has been delivered.\u201d3<\/sup><\/i><\/p>\n

[W]e pray most earnestly night and day that we may see you face to face4<\/sup><\/i><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

This discussion begins \u2013 not concludes \u2013 a conversation which must be ongoing and primarily sound in wisdom.<\/p>\n

The question raised here explores how technological habits \u2013 liturgies, if you will \u2013 buttress or subvert the goodness of human embodiment.\u00a0 In particular, to the extent that our efficient technologies reduce our physically proximate \u201cface time,\u201d is that a neutral, harmless thing? If not, why not?<\/p>\n

Introduction: Facing Efficient and Convenient Threats<\/b><\/p>\n

Automated toll booths on the Golden Gate Bridge save commuters time and taxpayers $8.0M each year.5<\/sup>\u00a0 Gas pumps and ATMs \u201celiminate the middle man.\u201d\u00a0 And, grocery shoppers needing only a carton of milk can speed through the self-serve line by self-scanning the item and clicking Apple Pay.\u00a0 Even ordering fast food avoids the smiling (or unsmiling) fast food worker.\u00a0 What\u2019s not to like?<\/p>\n

Then there were the COVID lockdowns \u2013 welcome to the turbo-charged ZOOM Life, including ZOOM Church \u2013 and don\u2019t forget masking up.6<\/sup>\u00a0 No harm, no foul?\u00a0 Don\u2019t these technologies make life better, safer, and healthier?<\/p>\n

Set aside the negative impact of undisciplined scrolling and extended head down iPhone postures.7<\/sup> Do our \u201ctechnological liturgies\u201d tend to reinforce and edify, or detract and undermine, what it means to be embodied persons created in the image and likeness of God?\u00a0 In particular, does the increasing deficit of face-to-face proximity enhance flourishing and sanctification?\u00a0 Is there a caution that ought to be sounded?\u00a0 Let\u2019s get to the gist.<\/p>\n

The Face of Proximity:\u00a0 Some Biblical Observations<\/b><\/p>\n

Adam and Eve, prior to the Fall, lived proximately:\u00a0 they were physically proximate to one another and their Creator.\u00a0 Scripture never explicitly mentions \u201cface\u201d until after the Fall.<\/p>\n

\u201cFace\u201d enters the picture because now work will be burdensome, occurring by the \u201csweat of your face.\u201d8<\/sup> And, the face now reflects and discloses sin:\u00a0 Cain was angry \u201cand his face fell.\u201d9<\/sup> The hypocrites, Jesus tells us, \u201cdisfigure their faces\u201d when fasting to be seen.10<\/sup> A supreme insulting gesture, acknowledged in virtually every culture, involves spiting in someone\u2019s face \u2013 precisely what Jesus endured.11<\/sup> Yet by the same token \u201cfalling on one\u2019s face\u201d indicates worship and\/or deference.12<\/sup><\/p>\n

Jacob wrestled with God and claims to have been \u201cface to face\u201d with Him.13<\/sup> Yet, God would not permit Moses to see His face because he would die.14<\/sup><\/p>\n

With redemption, however, being face to face with God is both a promise and a truth to anticipate:<\/p>\n

For now we see in a mirror dimly, but then face to face.<\/i><\/b> Now I know in part; then I shall know fully, even as I have been fully known.15<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Contrasting the superiority of the new covenant with the Mosaic administration, Paul compares the veiled face with the unveiled face:<\/p>\n

Yes, to this day whenever Moses is read a veil lies over their hearts. But when one turns to the Lord, the veil is removed.<\/i><\/b> Now the Lord is the Spirit, and where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is freedom. And we all, with unveiled face, beholding the glory of the Lord, are being transformed into the same image from one degree of glory to another. For this comes from the Lord who is the Spirit.16<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

With the very Gospel at stake, Paul did not anonymously ping Peter on social media, nor post a clever meme.\u00a0 Instead, he \u201copposed him to his face.<\/i>\u201d17<\/sup> Both in correction and in discipleship, Paul desired to see cultivated maturity in Christians, struggling to be with them \u201cface to face\u201d18<\/sup> so:<\/p>\n

that their hearts may be encouraged, being knit together in love, to reach all the riches of full assurance of understanding and the knowledge of God\u2019s mystery, which is Christ, in whom are hidden all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge.19<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

At least in Paul\u2019s thinking, being face to face served as a more effective means for achieving these multi-faceted ends. Proximity mattered.\u00a0 And, proximity mattered beyond the ecclesial community \u2013 it\u2019s a human thing, not just a Christian thing.\u00a0 For example, regarding public justice, Paul demanded the Roman legal practice of addressing his accusers \u201cface to face.\u201d20<\/sup><\/p>\n

Paul confesses that he wrote letters \u2013 as a stopgap measure – because he was hindered from being physically present, that is, face to face with them:<\/p>\n

I<\/i><\/b> hope to come to you soon<\/i><\/b>, but I am writing these things to you so that, if I delay, you may know how one ought to behave in the household of God, which is the church of the living God, a pillar and buttress of the truth.21<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

This comprises a recurring theme in Paul\u2019s ministry:<\/p>\n

For what thanksgiving can we return to God for you, for all the joy that we feel for your sake before our God, as we pray most earnestly night and day that we may see you face to face and supply what is lacking in your faith?<\/i><\/b>22<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

John, while not at all diminishing communicative technologies \u2013 ink and paper \u2013 twice notes the benefits unavailable absent physical proximity, that is, being present and face to face:<\/p>\n

Though I have much to write to you, I would rather not use paper and ink. Instead I hope to come to you and talk face to face, so that our joy may be complete.<\/i><\/b>23<\/sup><\/p>\n

I had much to write to you, but I would rather not write with pen and ink. I hope to see you soon, and we will talk face to face<\/i><\/b>.24<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

In redemption, God wipes away tears from our faces<\/i> \u2013 this requires physical proximity:<\/p>\n

For the Lamb in the midst of the throne will be their shepherd,<\/p>\n

and he will guide them to springs of living water,<\/p>\n

and God will wipe away every tear from their eyes<\/i><\/b>.\u201d25<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

And this same proximate action occurs at the Consummation, as Jesus Himself wipes away every tear from our faces:<\/p>\n

He will wipe away every tear from their eyes<\/i><\/b>, and death shall be no more, neither shall there be mourning, nor crying, nor pain anymore, for the former things have passed away.\u201d26<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Consummation correlatively entails seeing the Face of Jesus; this too presupposes physical proximity:<\/p>\n

No longer will there be anything accursed, but the throne of God and of the Lamb will be in it, and his servants will worship him. They will see his face,<\/i><\/b> and his name will be on their foreheads.27<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Defacing and the Gnostic Impulse<\/b><\/p>\n

So, what\u2019s the point?\u00a0 Christianity rejects Gnosticism, the idea that the material is icky or less \u201cspiritual\u201d than the immaterial and ethereal. Accordingly, a cardinal aspect of the faith confesses that Jesus became incarnate precisely because humanity, as created, consists of an embodied existence. As Athanasius argued, Jesus \u201cbecame what we are that he might make us as he is.\u201d28<\/sup> Jesus necessarily became what He would save:\u00a0 an embodied human.<\/p>\n

The body, because it\u2019s designed by God Himself, contains and conveys moral meaning.29<\/sup> Yes, we communicate in words, but also with \u201cbody language.\u201d Again, Cain\u2019s anger was conveyed<\/i> by body language: his fallen face.30<\/sup> Nor are we simply \u201cbrains on a stick.\u201d31<\/sup> Humans are embodied creatures, who, as Imago Dei, are inherently social.32<\/sup> As social beings we hear others via the language of their words and<\/i> the language of their bodies.\u00a0 Does it therefore matter if we experience our embodiment with others proximity in contrast with mediated arenas?\u00a0 Does it matter or affect what it means to be human if our proximate experiences with others decrease?<\/p>\n

Facelessness: When Mediation Overtakes Proximity<\/b><\/p>\n

Consider COVID with its attendant \u201clock downs\u201d and masking mandates.\u00a0 People subjected to these restrictions manifested measurable negative outcomes. For example, the cognitive performance of chess players decreased while wearing masks during competitions:<\/p>\n

Overall, there is strong evidence that the estimates reflect a negative, causal effect of masks on chess performance.<\/i><\/b> Across the board, masks reduce the frequency of optimal moves by roughly a third of an SD<\/i><\/b> [standard deviation]. This is equivalent to a decrease in the share of optimal moves of 6 percentage points from a baseline average share of 29%, a relative drop in performance of roughly 21%.33<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Similarly, the ability to perceive and \u201cread\u201d emotions diminishes when faces are occluded by masks, especially among the older population:<\/p>\n

If face masks are used by older persons, people with dementia and their companions, relatives and caregivers, reading emotions and the mind from faces will generally be hampered.<\/i><\/b> Older people and persons with dementia cannot rely on facial emotions as before to convey the emotions\/intentions of their caregivers nor to express their intentions\/emotions in a way that caregivers can usually understand. Consequently, social interaction between these persons will be hindered<\/i><\/b>.34<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Likewise masking small children stunts their cognitive development:<\/p>\n

We provide empirical evidence that compared with adults, children\u2019s face perception is more negatively impacted by the inclusion of masks.<\/i><\/b> We also find evidence for a reduced holistic processing of the masked faces across ages. In conclusion, our study finds qualitative and quantitative changes in the processing of masked faces among school-age children and adults<\/i><\/b>.35<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

The face matters and even the \u201cscientific\u201d pagans recognize it.\u00a0 Obscure the face and productivity drops and confusion increases.36<\/sup><\/p>\n

What happens if our interactions with others are increasingly or even predominately mediated via various \u201cconnecting\u201d technologies and digital \u201csocial\u201d tools:\u00a0 social media platforms, texting, emailing, Zoom, et al? Are there costs? Are there trade-offs? What happens when our \u201cuser experience\u201d transcends being embodied individuals, preferring the engineered prefabricated experience to real reality?37<\/sup> How ought a wise Christian evaluate these things? Should we just glibly be \u201cearly adopters\u201d and never give a second thought to the cumulative impact of such technologies?<\/p>\n

Certainly, using technology to communicate does not transmute us metaphysically.\u00a0 Yet, it does shape us and our habits and in part it shapes us because it can deprive us of proximate physical \u201cfacetime\u201d.38<\/sup><\/p>\n

Something is lost with all the convenience gained, including cognition.\u00a0 In fact, Yale researchers recently found that ZOOM conversations suppress<\/i> brain activity:<\/p>\n

They found that the strength of neural signaling was dramatically reduced on Zoom relative to “in-person” conversations.<\/i><\/b> Increased activity among those participating in face-to-face conversations were associated with increased gaze time and increased pupil diameters, suggestive of increased arousal in the two brains. Increased EEG activity during in-person interactions was characteristic of enhanced face processing ability,<\/i><\/b> researchers said.39<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Many businesses are limiting \u201cremote\u201d working arrangements and calling their employees to be present at the office or end their careers with that firm.40<\/sup><\/p>\n

And, yet the technocrats trumpet the development of bots to \u201cinteract\u201d with us medically, as we age, or as other special situations arise. You may soon be \u201cmeeting\u201d \u201cLouise\u201d and \u201cMoxi\u201d – \u201cvirtual discharge advocates\u201d – and \u201cGrace\u201d a \u201chumanoid robot\u201d used to \u201ccombat loneliness among seniors in a facility.\u201d And then there\u2019s the Woebot, \u201cyour personal mental health ally\u201d \u201cthe best listener in the business.\u201d41<\/sup> Or, why wait for a \u201cspecial situation\u201d to arise before embracing robotic assistance? Elon Musk unveils for us \u201cOptimus,\u201d a faceless[!] all-purpose \u201cautonomous assistant.\u201d42<\/sup> Creepy.<\/p>\n

Some may assert that ZOOM meetings as \u201cjust as good\u201d as being physically present \u2013 they just require more concentration.\u00a0 Does increased concentration provide a long-term solution to non-proximate mediated remoteness?\u00a0 Enter more technology, technology designed to not only \u201cread\u201d facial expressions, but to enhance them or deface them:<\/p>\n

\u201cIt is possible that the intensity of particular expressions could be modified on the fly . . . In addition, expression could be augmented\u2014for example, wrinkles around eyes could be added to increase an impression of genuine smiles.\u201d43<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

As Rosen summarizes the volume quoted above:<\/p>\n

In other words, technology will soon offer us real-time Photo-shopping of the human face<\/i><\/b> with explicit intent of misleading the viewer.\u201d44<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

The data also suggest our \u201cfacetime\u201d is shrinking.\u00a0 The mediated life is increasing.\u00a0 10 years ago, Pew and the American Life Project found that while 63% of teenagers texted their friends, only 35% spoke to others face to face.45<\/sup>\u00a0Updated in 2018 the study showed further decline:<\/p>\n

\u201cWhen it comes to daily interactions with friends, Pew reported, \u201cteens are much more likely to report that those interactions take place online.\u00a0 Six-in-ten teens say they spend time with their friends online every day or almost every day, compared with 24 percent who spend time with their friends in person<\/i><\/b> with the same frequency (not including school or school-related activities.\u201d46<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Our youth would rather text than talk.\u00a0 Are these trends harmless?\u00a0 Some studies dispute that conclusion:<\/p>\n

A study published in Developmental Psychology<\/i> [2012]… measured the multi-tasking and media use of 3461 girls aged eight to twelve.\u00a0 The contrast between mediated and face-to-face interaction was dramatic.<\/i><\/b>\u00a0 Subjects in the study spent an average of 6.9 hours per day<\/i><\/b> using electronic media compared to [sic] 2.1 hours per day in face-to-face interaction<\/i><\/b>.47<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

What do business leaders and nerdy researchers know that Christians may not, but should?\u00a0 Perhaps this aptly summarizes the point:<\/p>\n

Attention to one another as embodied creatures is central to what makes us human<\/i><\/b> \u2013 breathing the same air, sensing one another\u2019s unspoken feelings, seeing one another\u2019s faces, and being attuned to one another\u2019s gestures \u2013 and to give attention to others we must spent time in their physical presence.\u00a0 Our technologies, as brilliant as they are, cannot satisfy all of those needs.\u201d48<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

The writer to the Hebrews understood this point:<\/p>\n

And let us consider how to stir up one another to love and good works, not neglecting to meet together, as is the habit of some,<\/i><\/b> but encouraging one another, and all the more as you see the Day drawing near.49<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

To the same effect, consider Scripture\u2019s multiple \u201cone another\u201d passages.50<\/sup>\u00a0 These generally presuppose physical proximity for discharging those ethical duties and admonitions.\u00a0 \u201cDoing life together\u201d biblically requires actual proximate facetime.<\/p>\n

Given our new technological liturgies, which are fast becoming routine, if not seemingly indispensable, what are we facing?\u00a0 We are facing a growing deficit of facetime.\u00a0 We\u2019ve exchanged individual interactions for engineered agenda-driven mediated \u201cuser experiences.\u201d\u00a0 In doing so, we risk stopping far short of the goal line and thereby depriving ourselves of scoring the richness of the embodied human experience.\u00a0 As C.S. Lewis eloquently puts it:<\/p>\n

\u201cIt would seem that Our Lord finds our desires not too strong, but too weak. We are half-hearted creatures, fooling about with drink and sex and ambition when infinite joy is offered us, like an ignorant child who wants to go on making mud pies in a slum because he cannot imagine what is meant by the offer of a holiday at the sea. We are far too easily pleased.\u201d51<\/sup><\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_cloudinary_featured_overwrite":false},"publisher":[28],"class_list":["post-12632","articles","type-articles","status-publish","hentry","publisher-center-public-legal-theology"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAbout Face: Meta, Masks, and Managing Technological Liturgies - Trinity Law School<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tiu.edu\/law\/articles\/about-face-meta-masks-and-managing-technological-liturgies\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"About Face: Meta, Masks, and Managing Technological Liturgies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u201cAttention is the rarest and purest form of generosity.\u201d1 The LORD said to Cain, \u201cWhy are you angry, and why has your\u00a0face\u00a0fallen?2 For I have seen God\u00a0face\u00a0to\u00a0face, and yet my life has been delivered.\u201d3 [W]e pray most earnestly night and day that we may see you face to face4 This discussion begins \u2013 not concludes […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.tiu.edu\/law\/articles\/about-face-meta-masks-and-managing-technological-liturgies\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Trinity Law School\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.tiu.edu\/law\/articles\/about-face-meta-masks-and-managing-technological-liturgies\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.tiu.edu\/law\/articles\/about-face-meta-masks-and-managing-technological-liturgies\/\",\"name\":\"About Face: Meta, Masks, and Managing Technological Liturgies - 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